Introduction

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological complaint among young females with a major effect on work efficiency and quality of life [1]. It is defined as pain during menstruation in females, always starting during adolescence; there are two types: primary and secondary dysmenorrhea [2]. Primary dysmenorrhea occurs without pelvic pathology [1],[2]; the most common symptoms are pain in the lower abdomen and back may reach to inner thighs, and other symptoms may occur such as breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache [3]. Primary dysmenorrhea causes are not accurately identified, but most complaints may be because of prostaglandins secretion, particularly (PGF2α). Prostaglandins are important stimulators of uterine contractility [4]. Excessive production of endometrial prostaglandins may be one of the main causes of strong uterine contractions and temporarily ischemia occurs in the uterus; this ischemia decreases uterine oxygen and results in severe abdominal pain [4]. There are alternative methods in physical therapy field such as TENS, Acupuncture, and heat application; low-level laser and aerobic exercise have an analgesic effect that can be used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea without side effects [5].

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) is an efficient modality used in physical therapy field for treatment of many pathological cases; PEMF has strong analgesic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and has vasodilatation effect, as well as decreasing edema [6]. PEMF has an electric energy and generates series of magnetic pulses through the tissues, and each magnetic pulse induces a tiny electrical signal that stimulates cellular repair, suppressing inflammatory responses, alleviates pain, and increases range of motion [7]. PEMF helps in the reduction of pain perception and resolution of inflammation of musculoskeletal system [8]. It also enhances wound and bone healing, and stimulates neural tissue regeneration [9].

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a noninvasive physical therapy modality that can reduce swelling, decrease pain sensation, treat acute injuries, and improve functional activity; LLLT is considered as a septic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic modality, and it reduces pain through reducing inflammation. [3],[10]. Also, LLLT reduces pain through its effect on serotonin metabolism by increasing 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine [11]. LLLT has been used as an effective method of treating pain of primary dysmenorrhea [12].

To our knowledge, no study has yet compared magnetic field therapy (which has limited research supporting its use in dysmenorrhea) and LLLT (which is among the most common treatments for dysmenorrhea). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate which modality gives better results in treating dysmenorrhea.

• In the HILT group prior to the application of treatment was moderate for 4 cases (15.4%), severe for 13 (50%), and unbearable for 9 (34.6%). While after treatment there was no pain was reported after treatment for 11 cases (42.3), mild pain for 12 (46.2%), and moderate pain for 3 (11.5%). This indicates an enhancement percentage of 78.1%. 

• While for the PEMF group prior to the application of treatment, pain severity was moderate for 3 cases (11.5%), severe for 13 (50%), and unbearable for 10 (42.3%), while after treatment no pain was reported for 6 cases (23.1%), mild pain for 8 (30.8%), and moderate pain for 12 (46.2%). This indicates an enhancement percentage of 62.4%

Presentation and clinical course of endometriosis

Method for enhancement of dehydroepiandrosterone

 

US US5609617A C. Norman Shealy C. Norman Shealy

Priority 1995-02-21 • Filing 1995-02-21 • Grant 1997-03-11 • Publication 1997-03-11

To obtain the best results in stimulating natural production of DHEA in patients it is preferred to utilize a combination of twice daily application of a progesterone cream, formulated as previously described, together with electrical stimulation of the bladder 22 acupuncture points by the Liss …

 

Effects of pelvic floor bioelectrical stimulation on frozen embryo …

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2058739218822867

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 146383, 16 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/146383

The Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Endometriosis: A Review of Utilization and Mechanism

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2014, Article ID 146383, 16 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/146383

The Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Endometriosis: A Review of Utilization and Mechanism